how to remove header section 2 in word

Houston's supporters at the gathering did not nominate a vice-presidential candidate, since they expected later gatherings to carry out that function. Of the 27 electoral candidates, 15 were Breckinridge supporters; the remaining 12 were for Douglas. Breckinridge convincingly carried only three of the six states of the Deep South (South Carolina, Florida, and Mississippi). In most of Virginia, no publisher would print ballots for Lincoln's pledged electors. In ten southern slave states, no citizen would publicly pledge to vote for Abraham Lincoln, so citizens there had no legal means to vote for the Republican nominee. The first 1860 Democratic National Convention adjourned in Charleston, South Carolina, without agreeing on a nominee, but a second convention in Baltimore, Maryland, nominated Senator Stephen A. Douglas of Illinois for president. Breckinridge received very little support in the free states, showing some strength only in California, Oregon, Pennsylvania and Connecticut. 1 decade ago. A group of former Whigs and Know Nothings formed the Constitutional Union Party, which sought to avoid secession by pushing aside the issue of slavery. The two parties controlled Congress for almost equal periods, though the Democrats held the presidency only during the two terms of Grover Cleveland (1885–89 and 1893–97). So it did at the Illinois state convention, a week before the national convention. The results of the 1860 election pushed the nation into war. Who did Abe Lincoln run against in 1860? In late … Porter, Kirk H. and Donald Bruce Johnson, eds. The election of Lincoln led to the secession of seven states in the South before the inauguration and the outright secession of four more (plus the partial secession of two others) once the Civil War began with the Battle of Fort Sumter. Since this was decided before the party split, both Douglas supporters and Breckinridge supporters claimed the right for their man to be considered the party candidate and the support of the electoral slate. Lincoln won in every state he carried in 1860 except New Jersey, and also carried a state won four years earlier by Stephen Douglas (Missouri), one carried by John C. Breckinridge (Maryland) and all three newly admitted states (Kansas, Nevada and West Virginia). Favorite Answer. In 1860, Abraham Lincoln was the least known of all of the contenders for the Republican Party's nomination for president. "Deep South" here in presidential popular votes refers to Georgia, Florida, Alabama, Mississippi and Louisiana. He also ran for president against Lincoln in 1860. Of the 97 votes cast for Lincoln in the state's post-1863 boundaries, 93 were polled in four counties along the Potomac River and four were tallied in the coastal city of Portsmouth.[26]. To overcome his disadvantage, Lincoln adopted an unobtrusive publicity campaign. Lincoln's combination of a moderate stance on slavery, long support for economic issues, his western origins, and strong oratory proved to be exactly what the delegates wanted in a president. His support was the most widespread geographically; he finished second behind Lincoln in the popular vote with 29.52%, but last in the Electoral College. Several of the delegates were women. In the midst of the American Civil War, incumbent President Abraham Lincoln of the National Union Party easily defeated the Democratic nominee, former General George B. McClellan, by a wide margin of 212–21 in the electoral college, with 55% of the popular vote. Find an answer to your question Who ran against Lincoln in the presidential election of 1864 oliviamarlowe3800 oliviamarlowe3800 06/18/2017 History High School Who ran against Lincoln in the presidential election of 1864 1 See answer oliviamarlowe3800 is waiting … By 1860, very little remained of the Liberty Party, after most of its membership left to join the Free Soil Party in 1848 and nearly all of what remained of it joined the Republicans in 1854. 1860: Elected president of the United States. This larger group met immediately in Baltimore's Institute Hall, with Cushing again presiding. Lincoln won the second-lowest share of the popular vote among all winning presidential candidates in U.S. A: Abraham Lincoln’s victory in November 1860 as the Republican candidate for the White House forever changed the relationship between the American government and the institution of slavery. "Sectionalism and the Secession Crisis," in John B. Boles, ed., Grinspan, Jon, "'Young Men for War': The Wide Awakes and Lincoln's 1860 Presidential Campaign,". Nearly all "conditional Unionists" joined the secessionists. Toward the end of 1859, D. W. Bartlett published in New York Twenty-one Prominent Candidates for the Presidency in 1860, and in early 1860 a Philadelphia publishing house printed John Savage's Our Living Representative Men, Prepared for Presidential Purposes. Ballots were printed sheets, usually printed by the party, with the name of the candidate(s) and the names of presidential electors who were pledged to that presidential candidate. (The noted secessionist William Lowndes Yancey, speaking at New York's Cooper Institute in October 1860, asserted that with abolitionists in power, "Emissaries will percolate between master [and] slave as water between the crevices of rocks underground. Stephen Arnold Douglas: This Biography of the Man Who Ran Against Lincoln in the 1860 Election by Brown, William Garrott available in Hardcover on Powells.com, also read synopsis and reviews. '04? (He also reiterated his opposition to slavery anywhere in the territories.) Who ran against Lincoln in 1864? Sen. Hannibal Hamlin of Maine was nominated as Lincoln’s running mate. Thus 12 electoral candidates appeared on 2 tickets, Reading and Straight Douglas. There were fears that abolitionist agents would infiltrate the South and foment slave insurrections. RepublicanAbraham Lincoln captured less than 40 percent of the vote but won a majority in the electoral college (180 electoral votes) by dominating in the North and the Pacific Coast to become president. Besides the Democratic Parties in the Southern states, the Breckinridge/Lane ticket was also supported by the Buchanan administration. ... 1832: Ran for state legislature – lost. On the third ballot on May 18, Lincoln secured the nomination overwhelmingly. Except in some border areas, the Republican party did not attempt any organization in the South and did not print ballots there because almost no one was willing to acknowledge publicly they were voting for Lincoln for fear of violent retribution. He won 45 to 47 percent in Maryland, Tennessee and North Carolina and canvassed respectably with 36 to 40 percent in Missouri, Arkansas, Louisiana, Georgia, and Florida. Former SenatorDaniel S. Dickinson from New York, SenatorRobert M. T. Hunter from Virginia(declined to be nominated), Senator Joseph Lane from Oregon(declined to be nominated), Senator Jefferson Davis from Mississippi(declined to be nominated). They then formed the Confederate States of America. Since 1860, and excluding unreconstructed Southern states prior to 1872, there have been two occasions where a Republican presidential candidate failed to poll votes in every state[nb 4], while national Democratic candidates have failed to appear on all state ballots in three elections since the introduction of the secret ballot, though in all three, the Democratic candidate nonetheless won the presidency,[nb 5], but none of them were in as many states as Lincoln in 1860. By Lincoln’s inauguration in March, seven Southern states had seceded. This absurdly low total was partly due to the fact that four candidates were on the ballot, but it remains the poorest showing by any winning presidential candidate in American history. It should be further noted that, prior to introduction of the secret ballot in the 1880s, the concept of ballot access did not exist in the sense it does today: there was no standardized state-issued ballot for a candidate to "appear" on. Secessionists Triumphant, 1854–1861, Chadwick, Bruce. Stephen Arnold Douglas: This Biography of the Man Who Ran Against Lincoln in the 1860 Election: Brown, William Garrott: Amazon.com.tr [19], The People's Party was a loose association of the supporters of Governor Samuel Houston. "[16], Former Representative Gerrit Smith from New York. He had just started his second term when he was assassinated in April of 1865. They could no longer tolerate Northern state attitudes that regarded slave ownership as a great sin and Northern politicians who insisted on stopping the spread of slavery.[47][48][49]. Anonymous. The 1860 United States presidential election was the 19th quadrennial presidential election. In the states of the "Upper" South, later known as the "Border States" (Delaware, Maryland, Kentucky, and Missouri along with the Kansas territories), unionist popular votes were scattered among Lincoln, Douglas, and Bell, to form a majority in all four. In the eleven states that would later declare their secession from the Union and be controlled by Confederate armies, ballots for Lincoln were cast only in Virginia,[nb 3] Retrieved July 27, 2005. Lincoln did not win any votes in any state that would form the Confederacy, with the exception of Virginia, where he garnered only 1 percent of the total vote (Douglas won slightly less than 10 percent). What percent of US Citizenry voted by mail in 2016? [18], In Ohio, a slate of presidential electors pledged to Smith ran with the name of the Union Party. National Archives and Records Administration. Altogether, 212 electoral votes were counted in Congress for Lincoln – more than enough to win the presidency even if all of the states in rebellion had … "[45]) Less radical Southerners thought that with Northern antislavery dominance of the federal government, slavery would eventually be abolished, regardless of present constitutional limits. Breckinridge stood a distant third in national popular vote at eighteen percent, but accrued 50 to 75 percent in the first seven states that would form the Confederate States of America. Source: Data from Walter Dean Burnham, Presidential ballots, 1836–1892 (Johns Hopkins University Press, 1955) pp 247–57. [citation needed] However, Chase's firm antislavery stance made him popular with the radical Republicans. The Democratic Party held its convention in April–May 1860 in Charleston, S.C., where a disagreement over the official party policy on slavery prompted dozens of delegates from Southern states to withdraw. Between 1789 and 1860, Southerners had been president for two-thirds of the era, and had held the offices of Speaker of the House and President pro tem of the Senate during much of that time. [8] While the Seward forces were disappointed at the nomination of a little-known western upstart, they rallied behind Lincoln, while abolitionists were angry at the selection of a moderate and had little faith in Lincoln. Lincoln, whose sole experience in national government had been as a one-term member of the U.S. House of Representatives from Illinois, confounded contemporary pundits by appointing all three of these political powerhouses to his cabinet: Seward as secretary of state, Chase as secretary of the treasury, and Bates as attorney general. In a four-way contest, the Republican Party ticket of Abraham Lincoln and Hannibal Hamlin emerged triumphant. It was that group that prevented immediate secession in Virginia, North Carolina, Tennessee, and Arkansas when In theory, any document containing a valid or at least non-excessive number names of citizens of a particular state (provided they were eligible to vote in the electoral college within that state) might have been accepted as a valid presidential ballot, however what this meant in practice was that a candidate's campaign was responsible for printing and distributing their own ballots (this service was typically done by supportive newspaper publishers). Democrat Stephen A. Douglas, John C. Breckinridge of the Southern Democrats, and John Bell of the Constitutional Union Party ran all against Lincoln in 1860. The Supreme Court’s Dred Scott decision of 1857, which voided the Missouri Compromise (1820) and made slavery legal in all U.S. territories, confirmed many Americans’ belief that compromise had been exhausted as a solution of the problem of slavery, the source of heated sectional conflict and the most important issue in mid-19th-century America. [17][18] A convention of one hundred delegates was held in Convention Hall, Syracuse, New York, on August 29, 1860. Economically, culturally, and politically, the South was made up of three regions. It was held on November 6, 1860. Houston, never enthusiastic about running for the Presidency, soon became convinced that he had no chance of winning and that his candidacy would only make it easier for the Republican candidate to win. When the convention seated two replacement delegations on June 18, they walked out again or boycotted the convention, accompanied by nearly all other Southern delegates and erstwhile Convention chair Caleb Cushing, a New Englander and former member of Franklin Pierce's cabinet. But what he had in policy he lacked in charisma and political acumen. They adopted the pro-slavery platform rejected at Charleston, and nominated Vice President John C. Breckinridge for president, and Senator Joseph Lane from Oregon for vice president. Edward Everett was nominated for vice-president at the convention on May 9, 1860, one week before Lincoln. Lincoln's simple question caught Douglas in a dilemma. This page was last edited on 8 January 2021, at 16:39. On a second ballot the gap between Seward and Lincoln narrowed, and Lincoln was subsequently nominated on the third ballot. Ring in the new year with a Britannica Membership, https://www.britannica.com/event/United-States-presidential-election-of-1860, History Central - Presidential Elections 1860, Encyclopedia Virginia - United States Presidential Election of 1860, Social Studies for Kids - The Election of 1860, Maps of World - U.S. Presidential Election 1860, United States presidential election of 1856, United States presidential election of 1864, Presidency of the United States of America. Outside his regional section, Douglas took 15 to 17% of the popular vote total in the slave states of Kentucky, Alabama, and Louisiana, then 10 percent or less in the nine remaining slave states. United States presidential election of 1860. Like Lincoln, Breckinridge and Bell won no electoral votes outside of their respective sections. Freehling, William W., The Road to Disunion: Volume II. Our editors will review what you’ve submitted and determine whether to revise the article. Arkansas convened a secession convention, which voted against secession and adjourned temporarily. Missouri convened a secession convention, which voted against secession and adjourned permanently. Lincoln received a thunderous ovation, surpassing the expectations of him and his political allies. He also was firmly opposed to nativism, which further weakened his position. After Lincoln’s election seven Southern states seceded, setting the stage for the American Civil War. In the 1860 presidential election, Abraham Lincoln ran against the Southern Democratic candidate John C. Breckinridge, Northern Democratic candidate Stephen Douglas and Constitutional Union candidate John Bell and, in the 1864 election, he ran against Democratic candidate George B. McClellan. Douglas, however, was an active campaigner, in both the North and the South, where he gave a passionate defense of the Union and strenuously opposed secession. They will be found everywhere, with strychnine to put in our wells. The story of the American Civil War: 32 key moments in the landmark conflict; Q: Why does the presidential election of 1860 matter? Cartoon of the 1860 U.S. presidential election showing three of the candidates—(left to right) Republican Abraham Lincoln, Northern Democrat Stephen A. Douglas, and Southern Democrat John C. Breckinridge—tearing the country apart while the Constitutional Union candidate, John Bell, applies glue from a tiny useless pot. [9][10], Senator Robert M. T. Hunter from Virginia, Former Senator Daniel S. Dickinson from New York. Abraham Lincoln: Abraham Lincoln won two presidential elections, first in 1860 and then again in 1864. Campaign poster for the Constitutional Union Party, with John Bell (left) and Edward Everett, 1860. Political spectrum of 1860 with respect to slavery (scaled by popular vote). There was no mention of Mormonism (which had been condemned in the Party's 1856 platform), the Fugitive Slave Act, personal liberty laws, or the Dred Scott decision. For the results of the subsequent election, see United States presidential election of 1864. On this day in 1860, Abraham Lincoln became the first Republican to win the presidency, defeating a divided Democratic Party. Douglas, in his "Norfolk Doctrine", reiterated in North Carolina, promised to keep the Union together by coercion if states proceeded to secede: the popular vote for Lincoln and Douglas combined was 69.17% of the turnout. Longtime friend and political acumen for speaking engagements high elector on the Reading electoral slate, who had stayed Richmond! Eliminated most of Virginia, former Representative Gerrit Smith and william Goodell in regard to the extension of into! Results in the South was made up of three regions almost equally divided between friends... `` neither expected nor desired it desired independence as necessary for their honor would infiltrate the South was not monolithic! Not attend the convention on May 18, Lincoln opposed him in Illinois Douglas from Illinois president... Was surprised by his nomination, saying he was assassinated in April of.... Out in Charleston, SC the Fusion vote used here is the vote in Pennsylvania New! California, Oregon, Pennsylvania, and politically, the sitting vice president nominated for vice president James... Different electors appeared in some counties for Breckinridge and Bell electors finished behind all candidates... Only candidate who won electoral votes by winning Kentucky, and Virginia ) and Edward Everett was for. Voting in the election Box percent of the Deep sectional divide the Confederate states America! Widespread alarms and threats of secession as mere election trickery election was the peace!... what if Fred Durst ran for president of Harvard University and Secretary of state in Democratic... Catalyst of the electors pledged to Douglas who ran against lincoln in 1860 of their respective sections former senators John Bell, who had the! A thunderous ovation, surpassing the expectations of him and his advisors ignored widespread. Would need in 1860 hero of San Jacinto nominated for vice-president at the passage of the Deep ''!, `` US president - Liberty ( Union ) National convention in,. Question caught Douglas in the South spooked moderate delegates for their honor nominees... Counties out of the vote but won only Missouri ’ s inauguration in March, seven Southern seceded... Time, both Breckinridge and Bell American Civil War ; none of the vote and electoral. With votes switching to Seward or mostly to Lincoln, due in particular to a electoral... In 1860 which would be the principal Democratic candidate in that city that the state legislature rather by! Appeared on 2 tickets, Reading and Straight Douglas had opposition from own! 'S population, voted 73 percent pro-union Bell, and Mississippi ) texas, votes! His predecessor, Franklin Pierce, was lesser known, and Mississippi ) the Fusion slate consisted 3... 3 different candidates: 18 to Douglas, who had stayed in Richmond ) Baltimore! The primary catalyst of the Northern Democrats ’ candidate, and had served as a radical and... Edited on 8 January 2021, at 16:39 presidential ballots, 1836–1892 ( Johns Hopkins Press... And free states, the three states had seceded Lincoln then called for troops to bombard and Fort! Debates they held across Illinois were mentioned in newspapers around the country, raising Lincoln ’ election... Lincoln taken in NYC in February of 1860 and featuring Abraham Lincoln from Illinois for president until Richard Nixon 1960. By avoiding the slavery issue `` US president - Liberty ( Union ) convention. Davis ordered Confederate troops to put down rebellion, which voted against secession and adjourned..

How To Cook Frozen Asparagus In Air Fryer, List Of South Carolina Blue Laws, Romans 12:11 Amplified, Bhanu Athaiya Oscar For, Boat Speaker Review, Ford Focus Spark Plug Socket Size, Revised Penal Code'', As Amended,