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!OIBs and MORBs => Decompression melting! Questions to chapters: questions 2-51 are for chapters 17,18,19 questions 52-102 are for chapters 2 and 4 questions 103-152 are for chapters 6 and 7 China’s diverse geological character reflects its formation by the amalgamation of numerous tectonic blocks, beginning in the Precambrian and continuing to the present day ().Ophiolites are key features in identifying the suture zones between these blocks, and in delineating the ages and mechanisms of collision. Geysers on the seafloor, created where tectonic plates move apart, spewing hot and mineral-rich water into cold ocean depths. Incompatible element distributions vary widely in flood basalts… Pillow lavas are commonly of basaltic composition, although pillows formed of komatiite, picrite, boninite, basaltic andesite, andesite, dacite or even rhyolite are known. Basalt is clearly the most common volcanic rock on Earth and basaltic rocks (including gabbro, diabase and their metamorphosed equivalents) are the most common rocks in the crust 2.Basalt is also common on the Moon and other rocky planets of the Solar System. MORB! !Melting deeper from a more enriched mantle! Back-arc basins are geologic basins, submarine features associated with island arcs and subduction zones.They are found at some convergent plate boundaries, presently concentrated in the western Pacific Ocean.Most of them result from tensional forces caused by oceanic trench rollback (the oceanic trench is wandering in the seafloor direction) and the collapse of the edge of the continent. In general, the more felsic the composition (richer in silica - resulting in an Intermediate composition), the larger the pillows, due to the increase in viscosity of the erupting lava. They typically show Fe enrichment trends, but in some instances have lower Ti than other oceanic basalts. !Melting at shallow depths form depleted mantle (previously melted)!! Early crystallization of oxide phases (low Fe, Ti, Nb, Ta in residual magmas)! The volcanic field is made of flood basalts that cover an area of 9,650 square miles (25,000 square km). The arch is about 600 feet (200 m) high and formed by the weight of the adjacent islands causing the crust to bend. For these reasons, basalt is usually the research object of tectonic setting discrimination [16–18]. At which of the following tectonic settings would you expect to find volcanoes producing significant amounts of very fluid, high-temperature lavas? Flood basalts form as a result of an eruption above a mantle plume. What is more, basalts are mafic rocks, which are closer to the composition of the parental magma that was extracted from its mantle source [14,15]. Continental flood basalts tend to be lower in Mg and Fe and other compatible elements than MORB or island basalts. !CA basalts => Flux melting! The volcanic field is on the Hawaiian Arch. Mid-ocean ridge basalt (MORB), ocean island basalt (OIB) and island arc basalt (IAB) are the The flows extend about 60 miles (100 km) north and south away from the arch. !High water content and higher O concentration (f O2) from slab dehydration!! hydrothermal vents vents on the sea floor that form as hot mineral -rich water rushes from the hot rock at mid-ocean ridges and mixes with surrounding cold ocean water Which of the following volcanic types typically produces small, steep-sided structures composed of pyroclastic material? Basalt is a major rock type that occurs in virtually every tectonic setting. Composition. Oceanic Island Basalts –basalts associated with islands in the ocean basins that generally occur away from plate boundaries, and are often associated with hot spots.

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