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It is located about 2,300 miles off the Chilean coast. Geologic and oceanographic evidence shows that no perceptible emergence or submergence of the island’s coastline has taken place since the last fall in sea level, which occurred less than 10,000 years ago. Among Rapa Nui people, Chileans are still today sometimes referred to as mauku - grass. The island was first scouted after Haumaka dreamed of such a far-off country; Hotu deemed it a worthwhile place to flee from a neighboring chief, one to whom he had already lost three battles. Other minds have wondered and suggested an extraterrestrial influence. Much of the lush palm tree forests were cut down and burnt to clear areas for crops. The rain water would also bring minerals from the stones into the earth. A culture had risen, full of achievements, intellect, music and legends - against all odds - in an environment where one would least expect it. Rapa Nui (Easter Island) is famous for its rows of moai, towering figures of deified ancestors that were carved from volcanic tuff rock in quarries, then moved to a platform on the water's edge.This plaster cast was made from a mold secured during a 1934-1935 Museum expedition to Rapa Nui, 2,000 miles west of the Chilean coast. The history of Easter Island is relatively simple to approach, because it starts relatively late compared to the stands that can be found elsewhere, and it has almost an end date. The first well-documented European contact happened in 1722 with the Dutch admiral Jacob Roggeveen (even if he possibly was not the one to discover Easter Island). Located on the remote Chilean territory of Easter Island, they tell a mysterious story of the island’s early people and their obsession with rock carvings. It is famous for its giant stone statues. The first European visitors were the Dutch, who named it Paaseiland (“Easter Island”) in … Today, it has the status of special territory within Chile.The entire island became a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 1995, with much of it protected within the Rapa Nui National Park.. They gave their new home names fitting an island of such isolation, such as Te Pito o te Henua (The Navel of the World) and Mata ki te Raŋi (Eye(s) Looking Towards the Sky). A large wild cat, living in caves, is of unknown introduction. It was according to the archaeologists that the moai statues were built keeping the same idea in mind. The settlers reached Easter Island (read more about the first settlers at Easter Island). The less obvious kīkiri was also used - areas covered in stone that would keep the soil below humid. Easter Island, Spanish Isla de Pascua, also called Rapa Nui, Chilean dependency in the eastern Pacific Ocean. The Ancient Inhabitants of Easter Island were not the Cause of the Deforestation on the Island A team of Spanish scientists has managed to reconstruct the past 3,000 years of history of Easter Island. Articles from Britannica Encyclopedias for elementary and high school students. The population has declined steeply more than once. Rapa Nui was left alone by Chile until 1903, when the British/Chilean company Williamson Balfour & Co. set up Easter Island Exploitation Company and signed a contract to lease thei sland as a sheep farm for 50 years. Vast quantities of flies, large cockroaches, and a small scorpion were introduced recently. The name was seen fit as they were thinking that there can be no place more distant than this... and they were right. There are two theories about who were the first fearless settlers to find Easter Islandand decide to settle it, founding a new civilization. Notable among the few small offshore islets are Motu-Nui, Motu-Iti, and Motu-Kaokao (which figured in a local bird cult) near the southwest cape. The Island can be found deep in the Pacific Ocean, with the nearest continental country being Chile, around 3,600km away. They gave their new home names fitting an island of such isolation, such as Te Pito o te Henua (The Navel of the World) and Mata ki te Raŋi (Eye(s) Looking Towards the Sky).After a while, a second migration of only men arrived to the island. By the time Dutch explorers—the first Europeans to reach the remote island—arrived on Easter day in 1722, the land was nearly barren. Today, only around 25 rongo-rongo tablets are known to exist; all scattered at museums outside of Easter Island. He arrived on Easter day, and chose to name the island thereafter. Our editors will review what you’ve submitted and determine whether to revise the article. (2002) 3,304; (2017) 7,750. Its inhabitants have suffered famines, civil war, slave raids, and near total loss of forests. No colonising country had any particular interest in Rapa Nui because of its remoteness. A new piece of land was found. They called the statues moai - to exist. What are the Moai? • The name Easter Island was given by Jacob Roggeveen, the first recorded European visitor to the island on 5 April 1722, which so happened to be Easter Sunday. Since then, no one knows how to interpret the tablets. The small and hilly island is not part of a sunken landmass but is a typical oceanic high island formed by volcanoes rising from the seafloor. Over the centuries that followed a remarkable society developed in isolation on the island.For reasons still unknown they began carving giant statues out of volcanic rock. Rongo-rongo uses symbols of items, as with the Egyptian hieroglyphs. Discovered by Dutch explorers in 1722, Easter Island – so named because the explorers landed on Easter Sunday – is thought to have been inhabited since 700AD and perhaps even as early as the fourth century AD. A glyphic writing called roŋo-roŋo was evolved. Author of. Sculptures cut from volcanic rock, Easter Island. Even so, 1888 is officially the year when Rapa Nui became Chilean. Several linguists have tried, but there is no generally accepted theory of how to read the symbols. The descendant of aboriginal Rapa Nui accounts for 60 percent of them. In 1862-1863, many slave raiders attacked Rapa Nui. Once the nesting season of the manutara bird (en. At some point in time, all but one of the Hanau 'E'epe were exterminated by the Hanau Momoko, which means that the Rapa Nui people of today are mainly descendants of the Hanau Momoko. The treaty also consisted of a symbolic act; Atamu Tekena took grass in one hand and dirt in the other. There is much debate about the origin of the Rapa Nui. People born in the 1980's or later are often only able to hold simple conversation in Rapa Nui, and tend to change into Spanish quite quickly. Bottle gourds, sugarcane, bananas, taro, yams, and two useful trees (i.e., the Asiatic paper mulberry, with bark used for cloth manufacture, and the American Triumfetta semitriloba, with bark used for rope making) were of aboriginal importation, as also probably were the husk-tomato, a small variety of pineapple, and the coconut. No slave trade ever occurred at Easter Island again. Deeper knowledge of the ancient Rapa Nui language is today somewhat of an exclusivity. The island is a home for 5,800 people according to the census in 2012. Sea turtles and seals are now rare curiosities, but crayfish and various coastal and deep-sea fishes abound around the coast. Corrections? The missionaries told the natives to abandon their old practises, such as that of the birdman competition, which they did. A thousand years ago, a small group of polynesians paddled the worlds greatest ocean in search of a new land. The most recent estimates suggest the island was first settled between 700 AD and 1100 AD, but these assertions have been challenged, … As a result, finished statues awaiting transport started to gather up in the volcanic quarry of Rano Raraku, where virtually all statues were carved. The nearest fellow island is Pitcairn Island, which is still an astonishing 1,289 miles away. Oral tradition states the island was first settled by a two-canoe expedition, originating from Marae Renga (or Marae Toe Hau), and led by the chief Hotu Matu'a and his captain Tu'u ko Iho. They converted all natives to christianity. Pop. Easter Island’s extreme isolation not only means its history remains little understood, but for many years it was simply off the map. As ultimately the resources of big trees were depleted in the 17th century, the carvers stopped working. Two years later, he established a Catholic mission. Thor Heyerdahl, a Norwegian scientist who dedicated a big part of his life to the study of Polynesian migration patterns and their possible links to South America, maintained the idea that native South Americans were the ones to sail through the Pacific Ocean and populate Easter Island. It retains an air of mystery, but it’s a real place and has a real history lived by real people. However, in the early 21st century Easter Island experienced increasing coastal erosion because of rising sea levels, which also threatened various archeological sites. To distinguish the two races they were given names. The rongo-rongo symbols were written on tablets of wood. Catholic missionary Eugenio Eyraud heard about the unfortunate happenings at Rapa Nui, so he went for a nine month visit in 1864. The species was saved from extinction, however; the Norwegian Archaeological Expedition collected seeds and planted them in the Gothenburg Botanical Garden, and saplings from the garden were reintroduced to Easter Island in 1988. The warmest months are January through March, when the average temperature is 73 °F (23 °C), and the coolest months are June through August, when the average temperature is 64 °F (18 °C). Omissions? At the time of European arrival the toromiro tree, endemic to the island, was the only wild tree and the Carolina wolfberry the only wild shrub, the vegetation being predominantly herbaceous. Sheep, horses, cattle, and pigs were introduced by the missionaries who established themselves ashore in 1864. After the Second World War, syntetic wool was invented, which complicated the market for Easter Island Exploitation Company. Among the kidnapped were the ruling king as well as the wise men who knew how to read the rongo-rongo script, which today no one is left to interpret. • The average size of … These two spread the disease to the rest of the Rapa Nui population. His theory never gained acceptance among anthropologist. With Easter Island being known to the outside world, European visits gradually increase, especially during the 19th century. Sort out the facts about islands across the globe. On the contrary to popular belief, the disappearence of the trees did not estinguish the Rapa Nui culture. Get a Britannica Premium subscription and gain access to exclusive content. Before the arrival of human beings, the only vertebrates were either fish or seabirds capable of long flights. As an extremely unusual case, in both its cultural achievements and its ecological transformation, Easter Island is remarkable and important. To its original inhabitants the island is known as Rapa Nui (“Great Rapa”) or Te Pito te Henua (“Navel of the World”). The first competitor to obtain an egg would swim back and win the title of tangata manu for his chieftain, which would grant great priviledges for both of them as well as the rest of the tribe. Easter Island history. The natives had no immune system towards this foreign disease, which resulted in an aggressive decrease of the population. Many of the details of its chronology have been hotly debated, particularly the time of arrival and dating and causes of the society's collapse, but recent scholarly research in the 21st century has provided additional information to compile a timeline. The slaves worked in guano deposits at Chincha Islands and plantations in Peru. It will take you around five hours on a flight from Santiago to Easter Island! Being extremely isolated and located so far to the east, Rapa Nui was probably the last island to be settled in this expansion. Although … Easter Island, Spanish Isla de Pascua, also called Rapa Nui, Chilean dependency in the eastern Pacific Ocean. After a while, a second migration of only men arrived to the island. Analysis of pollen deposits has revealed that other trees and shrubs, among them the giant Chile palm (Jubaea spectabilis), were formerly present on the island until exterminated by extensive fires occurring at the time of aboriginal human settlement. Worldwide, the island is known as Easter Island, a name given to the island by the dutch sailor Jacob Roggeween, who discovered it during the Easter of 1722. Explorer, anthropologist, writer, and lecturer. Easter Island is the place where history meets legend. It is the only known native writing in all of Polynesia. Norwegian ethnographer and adventurer Thor Heyerdahl suggested that Polynesia was settled by the Incas coming from South America, one of the reasons is in the similarity of their stone work . Nevertheless, before and after this discovery, the territory has held other names. The first European visitors, the Dutch, named it Paaseiland (“Easter Island”) in memory of their own day of arrival. Up to 70 000 sheep roamed the island freely. Southeast Asian settlers started expanding to the east into the Pacific Ocean. Map of the Polynesia in the Pacific Ocean, with Rapa Nui (Easter Island) in the bottom right corner. A few of these were later released, all of which died of small-pox on the return voyage, except for two people. Easter Island History It is unknown how or why the original inhabitants left their homes between 400 and 600 AD. In 1888, Chilean naval captain Policarpo Toro let the current Rapa Nui king Atamu Tekena (who wasn't really of straight royal lineage, but only someone assigned by the real king to rule) sign a deed, giving Chile full and entire sovereignty over the island, while the Rapa Nui translation used words such as friendship and protection. 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